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Introduction It’s been more than 35 years since Dr. Raymond Damadian, a physician and scientist, scanned one of his students in what turned out to be the first ever MRI body scan on a human being. It took almost five hours to produce one image, and that original machine, named the "Indomitable," is now owned by the Smithsonian Institution. Today, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used in hospitals to scan patients and determine the severity of certain injuries or abnormalities. Unlike CT scanning or x-rays, no ionizing radiation is involved. MRI scanners noninvasively scan the body with the use of magnets. They can scan selected body parts in incredible detail, allowing doctors and clinicians to detect the early signs of cancer and help diagnose multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, torn ligaments, tendonitis, and strokes, amongst many others. [img]http://wfcache.advantech.com/EZ/CMSUserFiles/image//medical-CPCI.png[/img] An MRI scanner uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed imagesof the body. It generates a magnetic field by passing an electric current through wire loops in the machine. Another set of coils transmits radio frequency waves into the patient's body. There are different coils for different parts of the body: knees, shoulders, wrists, head, neck and so on. These coils usually conform to the contour of the body part being imaged, or at least reside very close to it during the exam. The emitted radio waves force the protons in the patient’s body to align, at which point the radio waves are absorbed by the protons which are stimulated and start to spin. The energy released by excited molecules emits signals received by the coil which are then processed by a computer in order to generate a 3D image of the body part being analyzed. Back in 1977, patients had to stay still for five hours to be scanned, but fortunately modern electronics have cut the waiting time down quite significantly. Even so, it can still be uncomfortable for patientswho are forced to remain immobile for periods of up to 45 minutes or more depending on the number of body parts being examined. Even very slight movement of the part being scanned can cause a distorted image and require a repeat. The market has evolved too, since that very first experiment, and according to Global Industry Analysts, Inc. (GIA), the global MRI market was valued in the region of US$5.5 billion in 2010 and is estimated to rise to US$7.5 billion by the year 2015. Of this, the US market is estimated at US$4.5 million (2010) rising to US$5.8 million by 2015. Scanner Selection Criteria The manufacturers of MRI equipment are constantly focusing on offering higher levels of performance in terms of improved image quality and consistency, faster imaging and processing, and higher patient throughput. From the purchasing body’s perspective, there are a number of technical factors which are taken into account when selecting a product. Thehigher the strength of the main magnetic field, the better the image quality and the higher the number of applications for which the scanner can be used. At one end of the spectrum, advanced neurological imaging will require at least 1.5T equipment, while at the other end low field systems can produce images of good diagnostic quality for numerous applications. However image quality will be better with higher strength equipment because the higher the magnetic field, the higher the signal-to-noise ratio. This signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the most important parameter defining image quality in MRI. A high SNR provides more flexibility for finer detail or faster images through parallel imaging, which is useful in reducing the blurring effect caused by breathing. A low SNR on the other hand can cause the contrast between different tissues to be obscured by background noise. The number of independent channels that can receive signals from the RF coils is another important factor.Ahigher number of channels improves the SNR and offers the option of parallel imaging. Also, higher gradient coil systems provide images in any desired plane and can provide a better spatial resolution in a shorter scan time. Finally, parallel imaging techniques help spatially encode the MR signal, and reduce the number of times that the gradient coils have to be switched on and off, which speeds up the imaging process. The parallel imaging factor describes the number of times by which the scan time is reduced. Manufacturers are striving to improve the overall scan process in several key areas. Ultimately high SNR and enhanced image quality are probably the most important but there are other areas which also offer major advancements. For example, workflow simplification can be achieved when there are fewer coils to position and as a consequence patient positioning time can be accelerated. Patient throughput times are also an important factor, with the latest digital technologiesperforming quality scans for routine exams in less than 10 minutes. From a patient perspective, speedier scan times, reduced acoustic noise levels, and less confinement are critical considerations. Typical System Architecture A typical MRI system consists of a scanning element plus a processing and control element. The scanning element includes a main magnet, an RF transmit and receive unit, a number of RF coils, and the gradient coils which are carefully positioned around the person to be scanned. The processing element typically includes a control unit to control and acquire data from the gradient coils. A scanning processor sends commands to the control unit to activate gradient scanning and receives the measurement results. In addition, it controls and acquires data from the scanner’s RF module in order to process RF data and to build a scanned image. The system comprises an image display for displaying a processed scannedimage, and a tracking output for the display and implementation of tracking information. Several manufactures design the tracking processor and control unit using readily available commercial hardware such as CompactPCI. Signals from the sensor are digitized by A/D converter boards and processed in real-time by DSP or Intel®-based processor cards which also provide a communication interface to a host computer. With a capital outlay of at least 1M$ per scanner, hospitals and clinics need to ensure the longevity and long-term support of their investment as well as ensuring that the scanner design features meet the latest needs. The latest ranges of cylindrical models have certainly been designed with patient comfort in mind, offering wider flared openings to the cylinder, shorter scan lengths, and less acoustic noise. Better specifications usually mean better-quality images and/or reduced scan times. Enter CompactPCI To meet many of the performanceand longevity needs, several medical equipment manufacturers had already selected the CompactPCI architecture in their earlier generation designs. With levels of reliability, modularity, and maintainability much higher than any other available commercial or industrial computing form factor, CompactPCI was an ideal choice. In addition, a broad ecosystem of suppliers for both CPU blades and I/O existed to ensure competitive pricing and dual source supply. The best way to adequately plan for the long-term is to design around an extensible and easily upgradeable architecture. This ensures that all elements have room to scale up, grow and expand, and guarantees the longest possible product lifecycles. In one particular scanner design, Advantech was chosen as the supplier of the platform processing element. Advantech’s close relationship with Intel® and a proven commitment to following Intel®s embedded processor roadmap helped breed confidence at design and management level and re-assured the customer of Advantech’s long-term supply capabilities. In addition, Advantech’s flexibility in modifying standard products as a part of its Customized COTS (C2OTS) program was a decisive factor, as not all CompactPCI manufacturers’ CPU blades are identical. So the ability to modify a standard product to meet the form, fit and function of the customer’s previous choice of CPU blade meant very little change was required to the original scanner design, and almost no disruption to the R&D or manufacturing process. It did however provide the opportunity to move to a multicore platform with significantly more parallel processing power that enhanced the performance of the current design. MIC-3395 Advantech CompactPCI Blade–Based on 3rd Generation Intel® Core™ Technology The MIC-3395 6U CompactPCI SBC offers a seamless upgrade path to OEMs with higher levels of performance and richer features. The blade supports the Intel® Core™ i7-3555LE, i7-3517UE and i7-3612QE processor SKUs. It fits in a single 4HP slot with memory capacity to up to 4GB on board DDR3 with ECC support and one SODIMM module for up to a further 8GB. I/O expansion is ensured via an XMC slot, whilst mass storage is available with onboard 2.5” SATA-III support, up to 8GB onboard Flash plus optional CompactFlash® and RTM-based SAS storage options. Six independent gigabit Ethernet ports cater to a wide range of integration options with dual GbE connectivity to front, rear and PICMG 2.16 ports. [img]http://wfcache.advantech.com/EZ/CMSUserFiles/image//medical-CPCI2.png[/img] Drop-in Replacement with Higher Performance and a Longer Lease on Life The MIC-3395 blade was designed to fit a wide range of markets beyond just medical imaging, and represents a plug compatible upgrade path with 8 times the memory capacity and more than 12 times the performance of the original Intel® Pentium® M based blade which was formerly used. For many of Advantech’s customersthishas provided a whole new lease of life for their installed base, enabling the potential for major performance improvements, new software capabilities and greater channel densities, all without the need to alter the fundamental platform designs.
Improved Medical Imaging Performance and Increased Product Longevity with Advantech CompactPCI Upgra
Introduction It’s been more than 35 years since Dr. Raymond Damadian, a physici...
Market: Digital Signage Location: Belgium Technology Partner: IDklic Introduction Winter Wonders 2012 (Plaisirs D'hiver) festival was one of the major attractions in the centre of Brussels this Christmas. Thousands of people took leisurely strolls along the festive route between Place Saint-Jean and Marché au Poissons in a welcoming, dazzling and magical atmosphere typical of festivals at this time of year. The illuminated and sound-filled setting featured a wide range of fun activities (including street theatre, ice skating, music bands, and puppets etc.), as well as several large digital signage solutions. [img]http://wfcache.advantech.com/EZ/CMSUserFiles/image//Dazzling%20Christmas%20LED%20Walls%20in%20Brussels_1.jpg[/img] The Christmas holidays are also an important time for many businesses who rely on thebusy trade to boost profits before the end of the year. And this year at the Winter Wonders festival, Christmas shoppers were also greeted by several spectacular LED walls installed before the holiday rush to boost trade advertising and public information and entertainment. These LED Walls were provided just in time for the holidays by IDklic, a Belgian company specialized in Digital media, and a full-service provider for digital signage solutions, they managed and distributed the content on the LED walls. As an advertising agency, content producer and technological partner, they operate the most extensive and effective digital signage network in Belgium. Based in Brussels, iDklic works with retailers, pharmacies, government agencies, and other consumer-facing businesses in order to increase sales and value. IDklic’s goal is to maximize Return on Investment (ROI) by building a successful digital marketing solution. [img]http://wfcache.advantech.com/EZ/CMSUserFiles/image//Dazzling%20Christmas%20LED%20Walls%20in%20Brussels_2.jpg[/img] Solution During the holiday period the Plaisirs D’hiver location was transformed into a Christmas winter market, and they needed content to be displayed which was a mixture of festival information and advertising. In addition, the screens were also going to be used to display important information to help guide visitors around the event and find help in case of an emergency. For this purpose cost-effective LED wall displays, which are designed for brightly lit environments, needed to be manufactured and installed. System Implementation The LED Wall displays located around the site needed to be constantly connected with the IDklic server to rapidly be able to upload content, and for controlling the system reliable 3G communication was necessary. One of the main reasons why service providers fail withtheir LED video walls, is because during an event the LED Wall starts to go wrong and shuts down randomly, leaving the public disappointed and the organizers angry. So, one of the primary goals was to improve the accuracy of the messages to be displayed. Key points were total reliability in communication, GPU performance, ability to remotely control the players, and robust and wide temperature resistant operation. To meet these demands IDklic chose Advantech's ARK-DS520L-D6A1E advanced digital signage platform, with a EWM-C106FT01E Mini PCIe Card 3G module inside. Each player was connected 24/7 to the IDKlic server by a 3G connection so the customer had a dedicated communication path to control and modify the content to be displayed. One of the key reasons they choose the ARK-DS520L was because of the capability to insert extension modules like WIFI, and in this case a powerful 3G module. The integrated NVIDIA GT218 (ION2) graphic module inside gives a strong graphic performance and in combination with the Intel® Atom™ D525 processor makes it a perfect cost / performance combination. Another key value that made them choose this solution was that highly robustness of the player and it came supplied with embedded tools like SUSIAccess for easy and remote maintenance and control. [img]http://wfcache.advantech.com/EZ/CMSUserFiles/image//Dazzling%20Christmas%20LED%20Walls%20in%20Brussels.jpg[/img] System Diagram Benefits The result was a powerful, live, remote controlled LED Wall solution. With these outdoor displays the Christmas shoppers could watch and enjoy all the events and activities, and commercial customers could reach the wider public through their seasonal advertising. Every day, thousands of people past through the area to enjoy the Christmas activities and were kept up to date through the dazzling displays. Highly expandable for future-proof upgrade path Ideal for brightly lit environments Powerful graphic chipset and HD resolution Solid state storage for anti vibration Industrial grade reliability and robustness Strict revision control for long lifecycle support
Dazzling Christmas LED Walls in Brussels
Market: Digital Signage Location: Belgium Technology Partner: IDklic Introduc...
Intel is cleaning up the mid-range Sandy Bridge portfolio. [img]http://media.bestofmicro.com/,X-H-261701-3.jpg[/img] In a product change notification, Intel said that it has begun phasing out the 32 nm processors i5-2380P, i5-2450P and i5-2550K with clock speeds of 3.1 GHz, 3.2 GHz and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The CPUs sit right in the middle between the high-end and entry-level Core product line and currently sell for tray prices of $177, $195 and $225. According to the notification: market demand has "shifted" to other products and it is obvious that Sandy Bridge processors have to make way for Ivy Bridge as Intel continues to ramp the 22 nm generation quickly. All three processors received a final order date of February 22, 2013 for both tray and boxed CPUs. Final shipments are scheduled for August 9, 2013 for tray processors and until supplies are depleted for boxed versions. source:[url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-sandy-ivy-bridge-core-i5,16709.html]tom's hardware[/url]
Intel Phases Out More Sandy Bridge CPUs
Intel is cleaning up the mid-range Sandy Bridge portfolio. In a product cha...
Google's latest Translate update is your best friend for overseas adventures. [img]http://media.bestofmicro.com/android-google-translate,V-3-348447-13.jpg[/img] Over the years, Google has established itself as a versatile tool for translating foreign websites, documents and conversations for the frequent web surfer. Of course it is only natural that the search giant's mobile sector gets the same amount of convenience and support as its browser tools. Now, translating on the go will be easier than ever with Google's latest multi-lingual translation app. Available on Google Play now for users running Android 2.3 or higher, Google Translate version 2.5 includes several updates; most notably the ability to translate selected text from images. This new feature is as simple as accessing the Camera icon in the application, taking a picture of text you need translated, and highlighting the selected text using your finger. Although this certainly isn't the first application to make use of a camera for translating purposes, Google's Translate app conveniently blends in with the Android interface and even features an intuitive touch-guided UI. In addition to the new photo support, the update also features improvements in voice translations as well as improved handwriting recognition for Japanese. Unfortunately the app still isn't smart enough to replace an actual translator, but at least you can grab it anytime for free. For more information about the update and a list of the 64 supported languages visit the Google Play Store. Source:[url=http://www.tomsguide.com/us/Google-Translate-App-Android-Smartphones,news-16038.html]Tom's GUIDE[/url]
Google Translate App Can Now Translate Text From Camera
Google's latest Translate update is your best friend for overseas adventures. ...
[img]http://static.techspot.com/articles-info/506/images/windows-8-tricks-tips-shortcuts.jpg[/img] Windows 8 Consumer Preview cracked 1 million downloads shortly after launching last Wednesday and I'm sure many of you have tried it already. Whether you went with a dual-boot, upgrade, clean install or virtual machine, if you're coming from Windows 7 you'll notice significant changes immediately, while others may not be as obvious. Inevitably, with change comes good and bad -- at least until you learn some tricks that get you back up to speed. I know I've been hitting my head against the wall when things don't behave the way they used to. The Start menu's absence is a perfect example of a radical change. Indeed, the duality of the OS may bring some trouble, but as skeptical as I was, I must admit Microsoft has done a pretty good job of easing many of my concerns. Metro is undoubtedly very touch-oriented and perhaps a beginner's dream come true. For experienced users, it seems like Windows 8 still holds some promise. The devil is in the details, they say, so besides experimenting with a clean install I tried the upgrade option to see how well it worked. Going from a year-old Windows 7 install to the Consumer Preview was as seamless as you could ask for. [img]http://static.techspot.com/articles-info/506/images/windows-8-new-metro-desktop.jpg[/img] File copy dialogs, the task manager and search look better and work faster, and that adds up for an improved experience. I'm not loving Metro on my desktop since there's little I can currently do with the stock apps, but I wonder if that will be true once my most-used programs take full advantage of live tiles. Without further ado, here's a shortlist of Windows 8 shortcuts and useful quick tricks I've gathered thus far. [size=7][color=blue][b]Hot corners[/b][/color][/size] The Start menu is no longer there, but there's a hot corner that makes up for it (unfortunately on multiple screens it's somewhat of a pain to use). Lower-left corner + Left click Goes to the Start screen (Metro). Lower-left corner + Right click Power user shortcut menu (Device Manager, Control Panel, Command Prompt, Power Options, etc.). Upper-left corner Shows open window thumbnails, click to switch between them. Upper screen limit + Click & Drag on desktop Move to left or right to snap the current desktop or Metro app to one side of the screen. Lower-right corner Windows 8 Charm menu or Windows Aero Peak. Upper-right corner Shows Windows 8 charm menu. [img]http://static.techspot.com/articles-info/506/images/hot-corner-power-user.jpg[/img] [size=7][b][color=blue]Keyboard shortcuts[/color][/b][/size] Windows 8 is very hotkey-heavy, here are some of the shortcuts I find most useful: Windows key Shows the new Start screen (Metro). [b]Win + type[/b] keyword Instant application search (same as in Windows 7). [b]Win + D[/b] Standard Windows desktop. Also minimizes/restores all open windows in desktop mode. [b]Win + Q[/b] Shows all installed apps. [b]Win + W[/b] Instant search for settings. [b]Win + F[/b] Instant search for files. [b]Win + I[/b] Settings sidebar (control panel, network, volume, brightness, notifications, and more). [b]Win + P[/b] Shows multi-monitor options, also useful for connecting an external monitor or projector. [b]Win + X[/b] Power user shortcut menu (Device Manager, Control Panel, Command Prompt, Power Options, etc.). [b]Win + Z[/b] Shows App Bar in Metro applications. [b]Win + . [/b](period) Snaps the current Metro app to the right side of the screen. Do it twice and it will snap to the left. [b]Win + . (period) + Shift[/b] Snaps the current Metro app to the left side of the screen. [b]Win + J[/b] Switches focus between snapped Metro apps. [b]Win + Page Up / Down [/b]Moves full-screen Metro app to secondary monitor. [b]Win + Left / Right[/b] arrow Moves and snaps desktop applications in that direction, or to a different monitor. [b]Win + Tab[/b] Switches between open applications. Similar to using the left-upper hot corner with a mouse. [b]Win + L[/b] Locks Windows. [img]http://static.techspot.com/articles-info/506/images/windows-8-side-snap.jpg[/img] You can snap Metro apps or your desktop to the side and continue working on the center of the screen.Another shortcut lets you switch focus between the two. [img]http://static.techspot.com/articles-info/506/images/windows-8-show-all-apps.jpg[/img] Showing all apps at once (Windows Phone style) and searching with a few keystrokes is the Windows 8 equivalent to the old Programs menu. [b][color=blue][size=7]Other quick tips[/size][/color][/b] Drivers Windows 8 won't suffer the same fate Vista did with drivers. Most Windows 7 drivers will work just fine with the new OS. Nvidia advised GeForce owners to use the readily available 295.73 driver set, while AMD decided to release new Radeon drivers for the Consumer Preview. Recalling storage space after setup Your mileage may vary with a Windows 7 upgrade. It worked great for me but remember this is still beta software. Anyway, if you upgraded you may want to restore files from the Windows.old directory which contains data from your older OS installation and other files used during the setup using the Disk Cleanup tool. Reminder #2: If you upgrade, you can't revert back to Windows 7. [img]http://static.techspot.com/articles-info/506/images/windows-8-clean-up.gif[/img] Upgrading to Windows 8 Windows 8 will offer a complete upgrade option from Windows 7, but the same won't be possible if you are using Vista or XP (or the current Consumer Preview for that matter). System requirements for Windows 8 are essentially the same as Windows 7 (which were similar to Vista), so most semi-modern hardware will run it just fine. Metro notifications, turning some of those off Windows 8 encourages you to use a Microsoft account so you can take advantage of neat features like SkyDrive or syncing your OS settings across multiple PCs. However, it will also activate other things like the Messaging Metro app, which looks good, but becomes a nag if you are using a different IM client like Trillian or Pidgin. Windows 8 uses notifications that resembles those of Growl on OS X. You can fully manage, and deactivate the Messenger app notifications from the Settings menu. source:[url=http://www.techspot.com/guides/506-windows-8-shortcuts-and-tricks/]TECHSPOT[/url]
Windows 8 Tricks, Tips and Shortcuts
Windows 8 Consumer Preview cracked 1 million downloads shortly after launching...
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